Northern Naturalists - Invertebrate Tracking Field Guide

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Tracks & Sign of Insects and Other Invertebrates
Field Guide updates, additions, corrections. Ongoing...
( taxa covered )

1. Eggs and Egg Cases
2. Pupae and Exuviae
3. Parasitism, Predation, and Other Causes of Death
4. Sign on Vertebrates
5. Droppings, Secretions, and Protective Coverings without Foreign Materials
6. Webs and Other Silken Constructions
7. Cocoons
8. Coverings, Cases, Retreats, and Nests Made from Foreign Materials
9. Sign on Algae, Fungi, and Plants

10. Leaf Mines
11. Leaf Shelters
12. Galls
13. Sign on Twigs, Stems, and Stemlike Structures
14. Sign on and in Wood
15. Sign on Rocks and Shells
16. Burrows and Mounds
17. Molelike Excavations and Simple Surface Trails
18. Tracks and Trails

British Leafminers -- This is a great reference for learning the characteristics of different groups of leafminers, even though most of the species aren't found in North America.

microleps.org -- The best online reference for leaf mines and other signs of small moths.

To request an ID for a leaf mine, or to see images of leaf mines that have us stumped, please visit this page.

p. 347 The mine in the lower right photo was made by Phyllonorycter olivaeformis. Here is an image of the adult moth that emerged from it.